[Summary text]
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: . Inclusion criteria for the study were a completed RRP for prostate cancer, informed consent and UI at 1 week after catheter removal, i.e. loss of ≥1 g during the 1-h pad-test, as recommended by the ICS
Excluded criteria: Patients were excluded if they had UI before RRP
Pretreatment: None
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 3 months
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) LFU
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: NR
Country: The Netherlands
Setting: Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital
Comments: NR
Authors name: Yvette D. Dubbelman
Institution: Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Email: y.dubbelman@elisabeth.nl
Address: Department of Urology, ElisabethHospital, Tilburg, P.O. Box: 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Patients who had undergone standard RRP for clinical stage T1or T2 prostate cancer
Excluded criteria: Exclusion criteria included prior bladder or prostate surgery,prior urinary or faecal incontinence, neurogenic dysfunction of thelower urinary tract, and a preoperative history of overactive bladder.
Pretreatment: None
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) data 12md
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: NR
Country: Italy
Setting: Clinica Urologica II
Comments: Population: OBS the patients had their catheter removed aprox. 8 days before PFMT start
Authors name: Maria Teresa Filocamo
Institution: Clinica Urologica II, University of Florence
Email: limarziv@ao-careggi.toscana.it
Address: Viale Pieraccini, 18, 50139, Florence, Italy
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Men, we invited 114 men who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution from July 1996 through July 1997
Excluded criteria: Those who under-went previous transurethral prostatic resection or who had aneurological condition affecting the urinary tract were ex-cluded from study. Men with residual urinegreater than 50 ml. or a urinary tract infection were also excluded from study.
Pretreatment: NR
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) EoT
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) EoT
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) LFU
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: NR
Country: USA
Setting: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Comments: NA
Authors name: JENNY J. FRANKE
Institution: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Email: NR
Address: NR
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Men were eligible for inclusion into our trials if they had urinary incontinence at 6 weeks after surgery for prostate cancerWe defi ned incontinence as any positive response to either of two screening questions from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) questionnaire.
Excluded criteria: We excluded men if they had been referred for or received formal pelvic-fl oor muscle training. We also excluded men who had TURP for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to advanced prostate cancer (channel TURP) or were to receive radiotherapy, because these factors might indepen-dently aff ect bladder function or continence mechanisms.
Pretreatment: Stress urinary incontinence195/205 (95%) 195/206 (95%) Urgency urinary incontinence135/205 (66%) 156/206 (76%) no signifikant
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) data 12md
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: National Institute of Health research, Health Technology Assesment (NIHR HTA) Programme
Country: UK
Setting: Multicenter-studie med deltagelse af 34 centre
Comments: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00237029
Authors name: Cathryn Glazener
Institution: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen
Email: c.glazener@abdn.ac.uk
Address: University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Community-dwelling men with incontinence persisting at least 1 year after radical prostatectomy
Excluded criteria: Men who were incontinent before their prostatectomy or men who resolved postprostatectomy incontinence and then developed incontinence at a later timewere excluded.Other exclusion criteria includedfewerthan2incontinenceepisodes per week, prostatectomy within a year of study entry, current active prostate cancer treatment other than hormonal therapy, postvoid residual urine volume greater than 200 mL, prior treatment in a structured behavioral therapy program, artificial urinary sphincter or suburethral sling, cardiac pacemaker, Mini-Mental State Examination score lower than 24, inability to quantitate individual leakage episodes on bladder diary, and unstable medical conditions. Participants taking an anticholinergic medication for incontinence were eligible after a 2-week washout period.Participants with fecal impaction, urinary tract infection, hematuria, or hemoglobinA1c levels greater than 10% were eligible after appropriate treatment.
Pretreatment: Nej, se table 1. Dog en trend til forskel vedrørende BMI og tidligere PFME
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) 3md data(8uger-)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) 12 md data
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) 3md data(8uger-)
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) 3md data(8uger-)
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 3md data(8uger-)
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) LFU
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: Funding/Support:This study was supported by grantR01 DK60044 from the National Institute of Diabe-tes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and by the De-partment of Veterans Affairs Birmingham–Atlanta Geri-atric Research, Education, and Clinical Center.
Country: USA
Setting: a university 2 Veterans Affairs continence clinics
Comments: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00212264
Authors name: Patricia S. Goode, MSN, MD
Institution: University of Alabama Birmingham Center for Aging
Email: pgoode@uab.edu
Address: 933 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35294-2041
Helle Hvarness on 29/02/2016 08:30
Outcomes
SF-36 skemaet i artiklen anfører resultatet i median og ikke mean, som der står i skemaet her i extraction.
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Only patients who could comply with the protocol andregularly attend hospital appointments were considered forthe study. The inclusion criteria for the trial were: objectivelyconfirmed urinary incontinence (>2 g of urine loss on 24 hr Pad test) and good general conditions.
Excluded criteria: The exclusion criteria were history of preoperative incontinence, significant perioperativecomplications, active rectal lesions or infections,psychiatric or neurological disorders, inability to contract thepelvic floor muscles or with a weak contraction and detrusoroveractivity.prior transurethral or open resection of the prostate were excludedbecause of the impairment of the BN preservation.
Pretreatment: Mean urine leakage per day (SD):T Group = 247 g (505 g)C Group = 97 g (138 g)The degree of incontinence at thebeginning was higher in the T group, as 14 patients had highvolume loss (24 hr Pad test >250 g), instead of 5 patients in theC group.
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) EoT
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) EoT
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) LFU
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: NR
Country: Italy
Setting: Department of Urology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Comments: NR
Authors name: Francesca Manassero
Institution: Department of Urology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Email: francy_manassero@hotmail.com
Address: Department of Urology, University ofPisa, Ospedale ‘‘Santa Chiara’’, via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria:
Excluded criteria: Demand pacemaker Previous pelvic muscle stimulation Active rectal lesions or infections Known detrusor instability
Pretreatment: There is significant more participants educated <8 grade in the control group (11 of 21)than in the treatment group (2 of 18)
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) EoT
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) data 3 md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence)data 12 md
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: Dr Moore’s studies were funded for 4 years by a Doctoraldistress for urinary incontinence in women: TheFellowship from the Kidney Foundation of Canada.Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the UrogenitalFunding for the research project was received from theDistress Inventory.Neurourol Urodyn1995;14: 131–9Oncology Nurses’ Society, Canadian Nurses’ Foundation,14 Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman Bet al.The EuropeanCaritas Health, Alberta Physiotherapy Association, EdnaOrganization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-Minton Foundation, and the University of Alberta,C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in internationalEdmonton, Canada.
Country: London & Canada
Setting: King’s College London & Urodynamics & Northern Alberta Continence Service & Northtown Physiotherapy
Comments: NA
Authors name: K.N. MOORE
Institution: King’s College London, Waterloo Road, London, *Urodynamics & Northern Alberta Continence Service, Caritas Health, MisericordiaHospital, Edmonton, Alberta, and †Northtown Physiotherapy, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Email:
Address: King’s College London, Waterloo Road, London
Julie Hansen on 25/02/2016 20:42
Outcomes
Qoality of life and the impact of incontinence IICQ is reported narratively; should be extracted narratively!
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: All men with clinically localised prostate cancer operatedwith open RP between September 2005 and December2006 at St Olavs Hospital in Norway were invited toparticipate in a randomised controlled trial.
Excluded criteria: NRone patient was excluded due to postponed operation
Pretreatment: The control group score 46.0 (25.8) in pelvic floor muscle strength, the intervention group scored 35.3 (27.4)
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 3md data
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 12 md data
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: Financial disclosures: I certify that all conflicts of interest,including specific financial interests and relationships andaffiliations relevant to the subject matter or materialsdiscussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation,grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownershipor options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed,received, or pending), are the following: none.Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: The work was fundedby The Norwegian Fund for Postgraduate Training in Physiotherapyand The Norwegian Cancer Society.
Country: Norway
Setting: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Medisinsktekninsk forskningssenter
Comments: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System Account NCT00239824.
Authors name: Mari Overgård
Institution: Clinical Service, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
Email: siv.morkved@ntnu.no (S. Mørkved)
Address: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Medisinsktekninsk forskningssenter, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Men who underwent radical retropubic prestatectomy on site for clinically localized prostate cancer.
Excluded criteria: Prior uretheral, bladder or prostata surgery, pelvic radiotherapy, neurological dieases with a possible impact on incontinence or any medical condition that could limit participation in the training program.
Pretreatment: None
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 3md data
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) LFU
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: Fundageo Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESPI. 2003/07656-7)
Country: Brazil
Setting: Division of Urology, University of São Paulo school of medicine, São Paolo
Comments: NR
Authors name: Lucia Helena Ribeiro
Institution: Division of Urology
Email: crismgomes@uol.com.br
Address: Divisao de Clinica Urologiaca, Caxia Postal: 11273-9
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Study grouping: Parallel group
Open Label:
Cluster RCT:
Baseline Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Included criteria: Included:men incontinent post-radical prostatectomy 15 days after surgery after catheterremoval
Excluded criteria: NR
Pretreatment: NR
Intervention Characteristics
Intervention
Control
Livskvalitet (Quality of Life)
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -mental score ( Quality of life mental score) LFU
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) EoT
Livskvalitet -physical score ( Quality of life mental score) data 12md
Inkontinensrelateret livskvalitet (incontinence related QoL) data 3md
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 3 months
Antal inkontinente (n with incontinence) 12 months
Seksuel relateret livskvalitet (sexual related QoL) EoT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Tilfredshed med seksuel funktion (satisfaction with sexual function) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Deltagelse i hverdagsliv (participation i everyday life) EOT
Søvnmængde (sleep length) EoT
Sponsorship source: This study was supported by a grant from the Fund of Scientific Research,Flanders, Belgium
Country: Belgium
Setting: Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Division of Urology
Comments: None
Authors name: M Van Kampen
Institution: Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Education and Physiotherapy, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Belgium
Email: marijke.vankampen@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
Address: University Hospital, KU Leuven,3000 Leuven, Belgium
Risk of bias assessment is from Anderson et al 2015 (Cochrane review)
Wrong intervention
Wrong intervention
Wrong intervention
Wrong intervention
Wrong intervention
Selection bias (biased allocation to interventions) due to inadequate generation of a randomised sequence
Random number generator to achieve 1:1 ratio
Block randomisation, block size of 4 for 2
groups (A and B) with only one permutation
code (ABBA)
No description. Therefore judged to be unclear
risk
Computer generated, minimised on centre, age and pre-existing
urinary incontinence
Stratified by site, type and frequency of UI, generated by
computer programme
Computer generated random numbers
Participants were assigned
using a computer-generated random-number
list placed in sealed envelopes at the end
of the assessment visit, with patient and researcher
opening the sealed envelope”
Norwegian University performed the computerised randomisation
procedure immediately after pre-operative test
No description. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Stratified by grams of urine loss (< 50 , >
50, < 250, > 250 g)
Selection bias (biased allocation to interventions) due to inadequate concealment of allocations prior to assignment
Sealed envelopes, sequentially numbered, opened by trial nurse
after result of pad test was known
Not stated. Therefore judged to be unclear
risk
“Randomised”
Remote computer allocation
Sealed envelopes, opened sequentially
Stratified on volume of urine lost on pad
test
“Participants were assigned
using a computer-generated random-number
list placed in sealed envelopes at the end
of the assessment visit, with patient and researcher
opening the sealed envelope”
Norwegian University performed the computerised randomisation
procedure immediately after pre-operative test. Urologist
no prior knowledge of randomisation procedure
"Randomised controlled trial”
A - stratified randomisation with sealed envelopes
Performance bias due to knowledge of the allocated interventions by participants and personnel during the study
Blinding to intervention not possible;
“The physiotherapist who guided men in the PGPFME group
was unaware of the outcome data of both treatment groups”
Blinding to intervention not possible
Blinding not possible. Therefore judged to
be at high risk, No description. Therefore judged to be unclear
risk
Blinding to intervention not possible for men and personnel
Blinding to intervention not possible. Data entry staff blinded to group.
Blinding of intervention not possible
Blinding to intervention not possible / Physiotherapist blinded
Blinding to intervention not possible
Blinding to intervention not possible
The control group “received placebo electrotherapy
that could not affect the pelvicfloor
muscle function.” “The patients in both groups were treated
by the same therapist (MVK) until they became
continent, within a period of 1 year”
Detection bias due to knowledge of the allocated interventions by outcome assessors
“The data for outcome assessment (e.g. pad-tests, voiding diaries)
were collected and entered in a data base by a trial nurse
who was not involved in the treatment or intervention”
No description of blinding of pad test or
data entry from questionnaires
No description. Therefore judged to be unclear
risk
Outcomes from questionnaires completed by men, data entry
clerks blinded to group
Outcomes from questionnaires completed by men, data
entry staff blinded to group
Blinded outcome assessors
Not reported. Therefore judged to be unclear
risk
No information. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
No information. Therefore judged to be unclear risk
Outcome assessor not involved with the
study
Attrition bias due to amount, nature or handling of incomplete outcome data
13 dropped out (of which 2 from intervention group)
2 dropped out of control group but none
from intervention
Five men withdrew after initial randomisation.
Dropouts from 25 left at 6 weeks
appears to be 10
No differential dropout from the groups
Analysis and reported tables on 172 men
Differential dropout of 13 from control
group, ITT analysis used for data entry by
review authors
5 (3 from group B, 2 from group A), 3
bladder neck contractures, 1 rectal pain
when performing exercises, 1 vacation for
4 months). No differential dropout
Drop out rate was 6% Four lost to follow up in physiotherapy
group, one lost in instructions only group
19: A:10 (2 refused further follow-up, 7 post-operative complications,
1 radiotherapy); B: 9 (6 refused further follow-up, 2
post-operative complications, 1 radiotherapy). No differential
dropout
Dropouts: 5
Reporting bias due to selective outcome reporting
All outcomes in methods reported
Protocol not available
Protocol not available
Outcomes in methods were reported
Results of outcomes reported
Outcomes in methods reported
Protocol not available
Outcomes in methods reported
Outcomes in methods reported
Protocol not available
Bias due to problems not covered elsewhere in the table